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Did
you know?
Reverse osmosis is the finest water filtration method known. This process will
allow the removal of particles as small as ions from a solution. It is used
to purify water and remove salts and other impurities in order to improve the
color, taste or properties of the fluid. R.O. uses a membrane that is semi-permeable,
allowing the fluid that is being purified to pass through it, while rejecting
other ions and contaminants from passing.
This technology uses a process
known as crossflow to allow the r.o. membrane to continually clean itself. This
is the reason of why an r.o. element can last many years before clogging or
need replacement. This
water purification process requires a driving force to push the fluid through
the membrane, and the most common force is household water pressure or pressure
from a booster pump. The higher the pressure, the larger the driving force and
efficiency.
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WATER HARDNESS
HARD
WATER -- RANGES AND PROBLEMS
Hard water
is a serious problem, and it is a common one. Water in 85% of the United
States is so hard it should be softened to be of maximum usefulness.
There are only a few areas
where water is sufficiently soft to be satisfactory for most home-making
needs. No natural water supply is completely free of hardness.
Communities that draw water
directly from snow-filled mountain streams enjoy nearly ideal water in
terms of a low amount of hardness.
New York City with supplies
of one to three grains of hardness per gallon has relatively soft water.
Even here there are opportunities for sales of water conditioning equipment.
There are industries which must have water free of hardness materials.
Some laundries in the area, for example, have found that zero soft water
provides substantial soap savings.
Actually,
the hardness of water supplies in this country ranges from 1 to 350 gpg
(17.1 to 5985 mg/l).
Most
waters possess hardness minerals in amounts from 3 to 50 gpg (51.3 to
855 mg/1). Unfortunately, where water is extremely hard, the problem is
often compounded by the presence of other contaminants such as iron and
manganese.
Most
people are quite aware that a water containing 15 to 30 grains (256.5
to 513 mg/1) of hardness minerals is definitely hard and difficult to
use.
On
the other hand, many people will tolerate a 5 grain (85.5 mg/1) water
that is very objectionable to anyone accustomed to using completely soft
water. (-->
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