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Did
you know?
Reverse osmosis is the finest water filtration method known. This process will
allow the removal of particles as small as ions from a solution. It is used
to purify water and remove salts and other impurities in order to improve the
color, taste or properties of the fluid. R.O. uses a membrane that is semi-permeable,
allowing the fluid that is being purified to pass through it, while rejecting
other ions and contaminants from passing.
This technology uses a process
known as crossflow to allow the r.o. membrane to continually clean itself. This
is the reason of why an r.o. element can last many years before clogging or
need replacement. This
water purification process requires a driving force to push the fluid through
the membrane, and the most common force is household water pressure or pressure
from a booster pump. The higher the pressure, the larger the driving force and
efficiency.
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COLOR of Drinking Water
What color
is water?
Ordinarily we think
of water as being blue in color. When artists paint bodies of water they
generally color them blue or blue-green. While water does reflect blue-green
light, noticeable in great depths, it should appear colorless as used
in the home.
Ideally, water from
the tap is not blue or blue-green. If such is the case, there are certain
foreign substances in the water. Infinitely small microscopic particles
add color to water. Colloidal suspensions and noncolloidal organic acids
as well as neutral salts also affect the color of water. The color in
water is primarily of vegetable origin and is extracted from leaves and
aquatic plants. Naturally water draining from swamps has the most intense
coloring. The bleaching action of sunlight plus the aging of water gradually
dissipates this color, however. All surface waters possess some degree
of color. Likewise, some shallow wells, springs and an occasional deep
well can contain noticeable coloring. In general, however, water from
deep wells is practically colorless.
An arbitrary standard
scale has been developed for measuring color intensity in water samples.
When a water is rated as having a color of 5 units, it means: the color
of this water is equal in intensity to the color of distilled water containing
5 milligrams of platinum as potassium chloroplatinate per liter. Highly
colored water is objectionable for most process work in the industrial
field because excessive color causes stains. And while color is not a
factor of great concern in relation to household applications, excessive
color lacks appeal from an esthetic standpoint in a potable water. Further,
it can cause staining. U.S. EPA Secondary Drinking Water Regulations recommend
that a potable water possess color of less than 15 units. In general,
color is reduced or removed from water through the use of coagulation,
settling and filtration techniques. Aluminum sulfate is the most widely
used coagulant for this purpose. Superchlorination, activated carbon filters
and potassium permanganate have been used with varying degrees of success
in removing color.
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