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Did you know?
Reverse osmosis is the finest water filtration method known. This process will allow the removal of particles as small as ions from a solution. It is used to purify water and remove salts and other impurities in order to improve the color, taste or properties of the fluid. R.O. uses a membrane that is semi-permeable, allowing the fluid that is being purified to pass through it, while rejecting other ions and contaminants from passing
. This technology uses a process known as crossflow to allow the r.o. membrane to continually clean itself. This is the reason of why an r.o. element can last many years before clogging or need replacement. This water purification process requires a driving force to push the fluid through the membrane, and the most common force is household water pressure or pressure from a booster pump. The higher the pressure, the larger the driving force and efficiency.

 
   
 
 

The "Truth" on our water
Contaminants and health effects
Water quality problems and solutions
Sources of our drinking water
Standards for drinking water
Hard and soft water
pH value of water

Filtration OR Purification?
Myth on minerals and water
Popular filtration methods explained
How to test your water pressure
How to set up your own well
Swimming/chlorine: protecting your skin and hair
How tap water is treated and delivered

The bottled water purification process
Safe to drink the water from a private well?
How Filters can prolong the life of water pipes
Drinking water quality and acid rain
More Topics...

HYDROGEN SULFIDE IN DRINKING WATER

Hydrogen sulfide is a gas present in some waters. There is never any doubt as to when it is present due to its offensive "rotten egg" odor. This characteristic odor is sometimes apparent in concentrations below 1 mg/l. Obnoxious as are the taste and odor of hydrogen sulfide, these are only two of the problems it presents. Hydrogen sulfide promotes corrosion due to its activity as a weak acid. Further, its presence in the air causes silver to tarnish in a matter of seconds. High concentrations of hydrogen sulfide gas are both flammable and poisonous. While such concentrations are rare, their presence in drinking water has been known to cause nausea, illness, and in extreme cases, death. High concentrations of dissolved hydrogen sulfide can also foul the bed of an ion exchange softener. Its continued presence will lead to lower and lower capacity and may finally necessitate replacement of the resin bed. Generally, hydrogen sulfide occurs in concentrations of less than 10 ppm (milligrams per liter). Occasionally the amount goes as high as 50 to 75 mg/l. Hydrogen sulfide is more common to well waters than to surface waters supplies.

There are several methods for removing hydrogen sulfide from water. Most of them involve converting the gas into elemental sulfur. This insoluble yellow powder can then be removed by filtration. Low to moderate concentrations of hydrogen sulfide can be eliminated through use of an oxidizing filter of the same type satisfactory for iron removal. Because the elemental sulfur precipitate tends to clog the filter material, it is usually necessary to replace this material from time to time.

Chemical treatment is recommended for medium to high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide. In such cases, solutions of household bleach or potassium permanganate serve as satisfactory oxidizing agents. When these oxidizing agents-such as household bleach and permanganate solution are used, a small chemical feed pump will serve to feed the agent into the water. A ratio of 2 mg/l chlorine per 1 mg/1 H2S is suggested as a starting dosage. This level will normally provide a high enough chlorine residue to insure complete oxidation of the sulfide to sulfur. The feeding rate of the chlorine solution may be adjusted from the original settings to provide the most efficient operation. As in the case of iron, the chlorine solution should enter the water upstream from the mixing or storage tank to provide sufficient contact time. A contact time of at least 20 minutes should be allowed for complete reaction. After this contact time, the water should pass through an activated carbon filter to remove the now insoluble sulfur and excess chlorine

If potassium permanganate can be used as the oxidizing agent, an iron filter is recommended to remove the insoluble products from the water. (Theoretically, 6.2 mg/l of pure KMnO4 are necessary to oxidize 1 mg/l H2S) However, a slight excess of permanganate, as shown by a light pink color, should be fed to keep the filter in a "regenerated" state. In this way it acts as a reserve to protect against any unexpected increase in the hydrogen sulfide content of the water.

An activated carbon filter alone will remove, race amounts of hydrogen sulfide. In this process the carbon simply adsorbs the gas on its surface areas. The use of an activated carbon filter can be economical when extremely small amounts of the gas are present. Regeneration of the activated carbon is not usually practical. Periodic replacement is necessary. With moderate to high concentrations of hydrogen sulfide this becomes impractical from an economic standpoint.

Some large users of water depend on aeration to remove hydrogen sulfide from water. Although this is the simplest basic method, it's not normally used for household applications. It has the disadvantage of high initial cost and incomplete removal of the gas. There has been some use of the ion exchange process for removal of hydrogen sulfide. The ion exchange material for this purpose is a strong base anion substance which can be regenerated with salt or a mixture of salt and sodium bicarbonate. This technique has the advantage of simplicity in operation. On the other hand, it offers relatively low flow rate and an effluent water that has all chloride anions.

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More Topics on Water Quality & Treatment:

General water treatment
Water quality defined
Hydrologic cycle of water
Meteoric water and cycle
Environmental factors of water
Age of ground water
Temperature of ground water
Water quality of surface water
Cistern water quality
Summary of water quality and the environment

Hard water explained
Hard water problems
Softened water energy savings
Hard water analysis
Hard water and soap curd
Ion exchange principles
More on water softening
Home water softener basics
Water deionization
Lime soda ash water treatment
Water softener alternatives
3 Types of basic water
TDS-Total dissolved solids
Reverse osmosis treatment
Alkalinity of water
Reverse osmosis and pH
Carbon dioxide in water
Chloride and sulfate
Fluoride in drinking water
Hydrogen sulfide in water
Nitrate/ nitrogen in water
Oxygen in drinking water
Silica in drinking water
Sodium/methane/ phenol
Disease-causing organisms
Micro-organism in water1
Micro-organism in water2
Viruses in drinking water
Bacteria in drinking water
Water disinfect methods1
Water disinfect methods2
Water disinfect-chlorine
Dechlorinating filters Q&A
Palatability of water
Turbidity of drinking water
Mechanical filtration
Multi-media (depth filters)
Color of drinking water

Self maintenance guideline for private well owners
Water pressure matters
Common water usage of a household
Public water systems users
The guardian-Safe Drinking Water Act
The correct disinfection practice
Facts on home water treatment

Experiment1-water cycle purify our drinking water
Experiment2-pollution
Experiment3-waster filtration
Experiment4-build an aquifer
Experiment5-pollution control by using carbon
Experiment6-chlorination for disinfection
Experiment7-organisms in source water

Lead in your drinking water?
Arsenic in your drinking water
Read the bottled water label
Common bottled water treatment II
State certified lab for water testing
Earth water distribution
A natural setting for fish
Toxic algae treatment

Backcountry water drinking
Cl2 resistant pathogens
Common contaminants in the water system
Microbes & water quality
The origination of modern water filtration
Define Spring water & the safety
Water quality issues in Europe
Seawater drinkable?


How do water treatment plants work
How does Hydrology affect water
Barriers to quality water source management
Enough water for the future?
Water & agriculture..big connection
Climate change & the water
Negotiation of Water Rights
How pollution affect water?
How water prices were set?
How does Bay-scaping affect water
Nutrient management laws for water
Source Water Assessment Program
Water treatment techniques in the 1960's
Water treatment techniques in the 70's & 80's

How & Why Hazardous Events are monitored
America's ten most polluted rivers
Global Warming affects river & lakes
Define "Safe Water"
Potentially unsafe water in U.S. cities
Drink well water? Watershed management
Common microbes & the problems
To filter or purify water
The physical parameters of good water quality
The chemical parameters of good water quality
How does dissolved oxygen affect water quality
Micro meida filtration: An alternative to membrane filtration
The "hidden" dangers of water

Biological oxygen demand affect water quality
Coliform bacteria affect water quality
What do Nitrate & Phosphate do?
Nitrogen level affects a long way
Stone Fly & May Flies show the water quality
Good water quality need adequate phosphorous level
What is a healthy watershed
The role of biological in watershed
Rainwater...future drinking water?
Eco-technology..the future of water treatment
Emerging issues of water & infectious diseases

Dirty water or bombs-Iraq
Terrorist attacks on water supplies
Hygiene & your water
Eutrophication in water
Explained Solar Water Disinfection
Perchlorate removal
The methods of selecting the best home water treatement
The health effects from Pesticides
How is water filtered in natural
Pharmaceuticals & Hormones in the water
Disease resistant DNA in the water
Anti-microbials & the danger to your water
The truth:How safe is American water


Introuction to water chemistry
Water chemistry-Atom & Molecules
Nuclear atom-Protons, Neutrons, & Electrons
Basic atom in Flourine, Magnesium, & Chlorine
The Isotopes of Hydrogen
Electrons in chemical interaction
Ionic reaction in natural
Remove Ionic impurities from water
Chemical term explained-Valence

Water problems- Iron
Introduce the state of Iron
Water problems- Manganese
Removal of Iron & Manganese from water
Ion exchange explained
An effective treatment for medium concentrations of Iron
Sequestration-Polyphosphate treatement explained
Chemical solution feeders explained
Water problems-Corrosion

Causes of corrosion
Corrosion on the common household used metals
Causes of corrosion explained II
The methods for controlling corrosion problem
Soft water to softened water
The needs for water testing
Correctly prepare water sample for testing
How to interpret water analysis I
How to interpret water analysis II
How to interpret water analysis III
How to interpret water analysis IV

How to choose the right plumber to install water softener
Recommended installation procedures-water softener
Installation equipments for the traditional water softener
Water softener installed in rural areas
Water softener installation-solution for pressure drop
Solution for pressure drop II- water softener






 


 

 

We are proud to be the authoritative website of Information on water quality solutions, water purification and treatment. We provide the most heavy duty, professional water filtering products to remove contaminants caused by industrial and agricultural water pollution and contamination to provide safe and pure drinking water. Many of our top quality home reverse osmosis drinking water systems, whole house water filters, salt-free water softeners, and electronic water softeners/conditioners are currently on sale.

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