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Did you know?
Reverse osmosis is the finest water filtration method known. This process will allow the removal of particles as small as ions from a solution. It is used to purify water and remove salts and other impurities in order to improve the color, taste or properties of the fluid. R.O. uses a membrane that is semi-permeable, allowing the fluid that is being purified to pass through it, while rejecting other ions and contaminants from passing
. This technology uses a process known as crossflow to allow the r.o. membrane to continually clean itself. This is the reason of why an r.o. element can last many years before clogging or need replacement. This water purification process requires a driving force to push the fluid through the membrane, and the most common force is household water pressure or pressure from a booster pump. The higher the pressure, the larger the driving force and efficiency.

 

 

 

 

 

 

The "Truth" on our water
Contaminants and health effects
Water quality problems and solutions
Sources of our drinking water
Standards for drinking water
Hard and soft water
pH value of water

Filtration OR Purification?
Myth on minerals and water
Popular filtration methods explained
How to test your water pressure
How to set up your own well
Swimming/chlorine: protecting your skin and hair
How tap water is treated and delivered

The bottled water purification process
Safe to drink the water from a private well?
How Filters can prolong the life of water pipes
Drinking water quality and acid rain
More Topics...

Where are America's ten most polluted rivers?

Where does human waste mingle with household chemicals, personal hygiene products, pharmaceuticals, and everything else that goes down the drains in American homes and businesses? In sewers. And what can you get when rain, pesticides, fertilizers, automotive chemicals, and trash run off the streets and down the gutters into those very same sewers? Sewage backing up into people's basements. Sewage spilling onto streets and parks. Sewage pouring into rivers and streams. Each year, more than 860 billion gallons of this vile brew escapes sewer systems across the country. That's enough to flood all of Pennsylvania ankle-deep. It's enough for every American to take one bath each week for an entire year.

After bursting out of a pipe or manhole cover, this foul slurry pollutes the nearest body of water. Downstream, some of it may be pumped out, treated, and piped into more homes and businesses. From there, it goes back into a sewer system, and the cycle resumes. This is the situation along the Susquehanna River - which annual ranks in the top 15 of America's Most Endangered Rivers list. One hundred and twenty three major sewer systems in the Susquehanna River watershed link toilets and faucets from New York to Maryland. Where the Susquehanna widens and becomes the Chesapeake Bay, vanishing sea grasses and dwindling seafood harvests provide evidence of poor sewage treatment and frequent sewage spills upstream.

A Threat to Human Health.

Untreated human sewage teems with salmonella, hepatitis, dysentery, cryptosporidium, and many other infectious diseases. One hundred years ago, epidemics of these diseases helped limit the life expectancy of a U.S. citizen to about 50 years. Estimates vary for how many people sewage still sickens or kills each year, but they are all large. Germs linger even after the stench of sewage has dispersed. Healthy adults may never realize that yesterday's swim caused today's cough, diarrhea, or ear infection.

Young children, their grandparents, and people already weakened by illness are more likely to become seriously ill or die. Scientists believe as many as 3.5 million Americans get sick each year after swimming, boating, fishing, or otherwise touching water they thought was safe.

A 1998 study published in the International Journal of Epidemiology blamed water pollution for one-third of all reported gastroenteritis cases and two-thirds of all ear infections. So…just which ten rivers are typically the most polluted? Of course the list changes from year to year, but the ten below typically rank high.

On the list below you will see the name of the river and the states most responsible for the polluted conditions of the river.

1. Mississippi River TN, AR, LA, MO, IL, MN, WI, IA, KY, MS

2. Pacific Ocean OR, HI, CA

3. Ohio River IL, IN, OH, KY, WV, PA

4. Tennessee River KY, TN, AL 5. Houston Ship Channel TX

6. Ward Cove AK

7. Savannah River GA, SC

8. Delaware River DE, PA, NJ

9.Thames River CT

10. Grays Harbor WA It's not just the people who play in and around the water who are at risk. Between 1985 and 2000, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) documented 251 separate disease outbreaks and nearly half a million cases of waterborne illness from polluted drinking water in the United States. Another study by the CDC and the National Academy of Sciences concluded that most illnesses caused by eating tainted seafood have human sewage as the root cause.

 

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More Topics on Water Quality & Treatment:

General water treatment
Water quality defined
Hydrologic cycle of water
Meteoric water and cycle
Environmental factors of water
Age of ground water
Temperature of ground water
Water quality of surface water
Cistern water quality
Summary of water quality and the environment

Hard water explained
Hard water problems
Softened water energy savings
Hard water analysis
Hard water and soap curd
Ion exchange principles
More on water softening
Home water softener basics
Water deionization
Lime soda ash water treatment
Water softener alternatives

3 Types of basic water
TDS-Total dissolved solids
Reverse osmosis treatment
Alkalinity of water
Reverse osmosis and pH
Carbon dioxide in water
Chloride and sulfate
Fluoride in drinking water
Hydrogen sulfide in water
Nitrate/ nitrogen in water
Oxygen in drinking water
Silica in drinking water
Sodium/methane/ phenol

Disease-causing organisms
Micro-organism in water1
Micro-organism in water2
Viruses in drinking water
Bacteria in drinking water
Water disinfect methods1
Water disinfect methods2
Water disinfect-chlorine
Dechlorinating filters Q&A
Palatability of water
Turbidity of drinking water
Mechanical filtration
Multi-media (depth filters)
Color of drinking water

Self maintenance guideline for private well owners
Water pressure matters
Common water usage of a household
Public water systems users
The guardian-Safe Drinking Water Act
The correct disinfection practice

Facts on home water treatment

Experiment1-water cycle purify our drinking water
Experiment2-pollution
Experiment3-waster filtration
Experiment4-build an aquifer
Experiment5-pollution control by using carbon
Experiment6-chlorination for disinfection
Experiment7-organisms in source water

Lead in your drinking water?
Arsenic in your drinking water
Read the bottled water label
Common bottled water treatment II
State certified lab for water testing

Earth water distribution
A natural setting for fishs

Backcountry water drinking
Cl2 resistant pathogens

Common contaminants in the water system
Microbes & water quality
The origination of modern water filtration
Define Spring water & the safety
Water quality issues in Europe
Seawater drinkable?


How do water treatment plants work
How does Hydrology affect water
Barriers to quality water source management
Enough water for the future?
Water & agriculture..big connection
Climate change & the water
Negotiation of Water Rights
How pollution affect water?
How water prices were set?
How does Bay-scaping affect water
Nutrient management laws for water
Source Water Assessment Program
Water treatment techniques in the 1960's
Water treatment techniques in the 70's & 80's

How & Why Hazardous Events are monitored
America's ten most polluted rivers
Global Warming affects river & lakes
Define "Safe Water"
Potentially unsafe water in U.S. cities
Drink well water? Watershed management
Common microbes & the problems
To filter or purify water
The physical parameters of good water quality
The chemical parameters of good water quality
How does dissolved oxygen affect water quality
Micro me ida filtration: An alternative to membrane filtration
The "hidden" dangers of water

Biological oxygen demand affect water quality
Coliform bacteria affect water quality
What do Nitrate & Phosphate do?
Nitrogen level affects a long way
Stone Fly & May Flies show the water quality
Good water quality need adequate phosphorous level
What is a healthy watershed
The role of biological in watershed
Rainwater...future drinking water?
Eco-technology..the future of water treatment
Emerging issues of water & infectious diseases

Dirty water or bombs-Iraq
Terrorist attacks on water supplies
Hygiene & your water
Eutrophication in water
Explained Solar Water Disinfection
Perchlorate removal
The methods of selecting the best home water treatment
The health effects from Pesticides
How is water filtered in natural
Pharmaceuticals & Hormones in the water
Disease resistant DNA in the water
Anti-microbials & the danger to your water
The truth:How safe is American water


Introduction to water chemistry
Water chemistry-Atom & Molecules
Nuclear atom-Protons, Neutrons, & Electrons
Basic atom in Flourine, Magnesium, & Chlorine
The Isotopes of Hydrogen
Electrons in chemical interaction
Ionic reaction in natural
Remove Ionic impurities from water
Chemical term explained-Valence

Water problems- Iron
Introduce the state of Iron
Water problems- Manganese
Removal of Iron & Manganese from water
Ion exchange explained
An effective treatment for medium concentrations of Iron
Sequestration-Polyphosphate treatment explained
Chemical solution feeders explained
Water problems-Corrosion

Causes of corrosion
Corrosion on the common household used metals
Causes of corrosion explained II
The methods for controlling corrosion problem
Soft water to softened water
The needs for water testing
Correctly prepare water sample for testing
How to interpret water analysis I
How to interpret water analysis II
How to interpret water analysis III
How to interpret water analysis IV

How to choose the right plumber to install water softener
Recommended installation procedures-water softener
Installation equipments for the traditional water softener
Water softener installed in rural areas
Water softener installation-solution for pressure drop
Solution for pressure drop II- water softener


The five most common contamination sources for local drinking water
Monitoring finished water for good water quality
Water treatment -Magnesium deficiency
Arsenic exceed the drinking water standard
More regulations & research on drinking water
Explain Alkalinity
Impact on ground water quality
Potential drinking water source-Wastewater
Concern about GAC filtration systems that trap nitrate

Legality for a salt-based water softener
Methods of regenerate manganese greensand filter media

From chlorine to chlormaines
Humidifers operate better using filtered & purified water

Consumer confidence report to the public
Water contaminants -Cyanobacteria
Reverse osmosis can filter out Cryptosporidiosis microbes
Taste of water - TDS level
Private well water supplies - risk for Radon
Source for drinking water - Icebergs
Biofouling in a water pump/filter/plumbing system

Reasons for testing total coliforms & fecal coliforms
Drinking water reservoirs-manganese problems due to temperature stratification
Ozone treatment remove iron or manganese from water
Bacterial colonies-Biofilms

Public water treatment cost-Petroleum

Chloramines disinfection - Nitrite problem
Bottled water regulation - Mercury
The strangest compound known to man
The new detection of low levels of enteric viruses
The use of bio-sensors to detect Crypotosporidium-parvum bacteria
Produce higher quality well-water
Controlling taste & odor - Arizona
Methylmercury is a concern in aquatic environments

Time to backwash your acid neutralizing filter
Protecting pubic water systems from terrorist threats
Ultrafiltration(UF) & membrane filter technology
Restore oxidizing power of greensand water filters-potassium permanganate
Public health & bioterrorism act

Synthetic chemical vs. nature chemical-toxic level

Blue-green algae in surface water & distribution networks
The sources of Cryptosporidium other than water
Arsenic problem from disinfection of a ground water
Blue-green algae & cyanobacteria
The Effectiveness of Membrane filtration systems

The major elements of a consumer confidence report
Membrane technology
Viruses/bacteria/protozoan-the hardest to kill in drinking water
Genetic mutations of microbes
Private well water test-Nitrate
Disinfection of a ground water source for pathogen control & arsenic problem
Differentiate water filter system, descaler, conditioner, water softener

Phthalates as endocrine disruptors in the environment


Regulations-Gray water use
Regulations-Water pumped to the surface from oil & gas exploration
Lost the right to use water from a stream system
Water Rights-Separated from the the land to which it is attached
Take sand or gravel out of a stream
Construction codes for private well waters
Water Rights-Be aware of an offer from corporation to landowner
NPDES permit for associated storm water discharges at oil/gas extraction operations
Regulating dissolced oxygen concentrations in water
How many inches of water evaporated from the earth's hydrologic cycle
How much water returns to the earth's land surface as precipitation
Electric current-Seperate pure water into acidic/alkaline components
Improve water quality for certain uses with some contaminants
Differences in the natural quality of groundwater & surface water
Water supplies quality in urban & rural areas
How does natural purification of liquid water work on earth?
How do algae blooms cause severe oxygen depletion in water?
Is drinking water that meets drinking water standards suitable for kidney dialysis machines to remove wastes from a person?
What does water purity really mean?
What do we mean by an "unhealthy aquatic ecosystem?"

Can water absorb heat better than most substances?
Do water molecules have unique binding properties?
Salt concentration/salinity of water affect solubility of oxygen
Does water have unique thermal properties?
How much water evaporated from the earth's land surface per year?
Can water and oil be mixed to form a solution?
Can we produce electricity from tides and waves?
Can wetting agents improve the efficiency of irrigation water
How much water was used to produce the food item?
Do polyelectrolyte type chemical form weak or strong electrolytes in solution?
Does our neighboring planet of Mars have water?
Dose water dousing really work?
How big can hailstones get?
An indicator of chemical pollution with specific conductance of water
Can algae have beneficial effects on water supplies?
Do aquatic ecosystems have an unlimited capacity to maintain their quality?
How does saline ground water become saltier than ocean?
Fluoridated water in kidney dialysis machines
What are brine wells?
What are silicates & why are they in water?
What do we mean by an "unhealthy aquatic ecosystem?"

Can the oceans serve as a great power source for the earth?
Will salt dissolved in water increase or lower pH?
How do you calculate power needs for pumping water?
How does capillarity affect soil water holding capacity?
How does natural purification of liquid water work on earth?
How important are ocean phytoplankton organisms to total global photosynthesis?
How is energy generated in a hydroelectric power plant?
Sodium hexametaphosphate used as a dispersing & deflocculating agent
How is water a powerful source of energy?
The impact on reducing chemical dumping down household drains from grey-water usage
Can hydrogen peroxide improve the operation of a failing or faltering septic system?
Contaminate the environment with pharmaceuticals & personal care product from human activities
Reduce or eliminate non-point source pollutants in around my home
How do we determine water quality?
How do we measure water quality?
Access the STORET water quality data from EPA
How salty is sea water in comparison to fresh water?
Is sea water the saltiest water found on earth?
What are the key factors that influence water quality?
What does the definition of critical period mean for water purity standard?
What are the key factors that influence water quality?
The activity/action/practice that reduce natural water purification

Can overuse of water contribute to a failing OSDS system?
How far should personal drinking watre wells be sited from potential pollution sources?
Road or highway boundaries & property lines for private wells
The distance from septic tanks & fieldlines for private wells
Constructed a well-reduce the likelihood of contamination from a septic system
What is the cause of odor that resembles chloroform in my private well?
Should I worry about water pollution from antifreeze leaks onto my driveway?
Water pollution from solvents down the household drain
What can I do to prevent water pollution?
The recommended setback distance for a new private well from an operating or unplugged abandoned well
The recommended setback distance of septic tank systems from well
Radiator coolant water from automobiles that contain ethylene glycol antifreeze may kill animals
Drinking water standards vs. kidney dialysis standards
Is it common to find pure water in nature?
Is water pollution & water contamination the same thing?
What do we mean by water quality?
Silica/Silicates concentration in fresh surface/ground water supplies on earth

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