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Did you know?
Reverse osmosis is the finest water filtration method known. This process will allow the removal of particles as small as ions from a solution. It is used to purify water and remove salts and other impurities in order to improve the color, taste or properties of the fluid. R.O. uses a membrane that is semi-permeable, allowing the fluid that is being purified to pass through it, while rejecting other ions and contaminants from passing
. This technology uses a process known as crossflow to allow the r.o. membrane to continually clean itself. This is the reason of why an r.o. element can last many years before clogging or need replacement. This water purification process requires a driving force to push the fluid through the membrane, and the most common force is household water pressure or pressure from a booster pump. The higher the pressure, the larger the driving force and efficiency.

 
   
 
 

The "Truth" on our water
Contaminants and health effects
Water quality problems and solutions
Sources of our drinking water
Standards for drinking water
Hard and soft water
pH value of water

Filtration OR Purification?
Myth on minerals and water
Popular filtration methods explained
How to test your water pressure
How to set up your own well
Swimming/chlorine: protecting your skin and hair
How tap water is treated and delivered

The bottled water purification process
Safe to drink the water from a private well?
How Filters can prolong the life of water pipes
Drinking water quality and acid rain
More Topics...

 

GROUNDWATER AND TEMPERATURE

The temperature of water from wells is remarkably constant. In wells that are from 30 to 60 feet deep, water temperature is 2° to 3°F above the annual mean temperature of the locality. Water decreases in temperature about 1°F for each 64 feet of depth to the well.

In general, deep wells extend down through an impervious layer to reach an underlying supply. Shallow wells, in contrast, are sunk in easily penetrated strata to a point where they are below the water table. In terms of depth, deep wells are classified as those extending below 25 feet; those going less than this are considered shallow wells. Actually, deep wells vary from 100 to 3,000 feet. The vast majority are in the 100 to 1,000 foot range. Deep well water usually shows but slight change in composition over a long period of time. In one study of some wells in Florida over a 24 year period, hardness ranged from a high of 342 to a low of 304 parts per million. Alkalinity went from a high of 168 to a low of 148.

Springs provide another source of ground water. It is a popular belief that spring waters are clear, colorless, sparkling and absolutely pure. While these facts hold true for many springs, others show a marked degree of turbidity, especially after a heavy rainfall.

Spring waters further contain rather large amounts of dissolved mineral matter and are hard. On the score of potability, no spring water should be considered safe to drink unless it is given periodic bacterial examination.

Other ground waters could also include mine waters and connate waters. Large quantities of water are found in many mines and must be removed by pumping. In some cases mine waters are no different than other ground supplies. Generally, however, they have a high sulfuric acid and iron content. As a result they may be extremely corrosive. Connate water or oil field brines are the remains of ancient seas in which sedimentary rock was at one time deposited. These "fossil waters," as they are sometimes called, are generally highly saline. In the operation of oil fields they have only nuisance value and present serious disposal problems when brought to the surface.

While groundwater supplies have definite advantages, they also present problems. Important disadvantages are:

1.  The presence of hardness mineral compounds in larger amounts than in the

surface waters of the same locality as a rule.

2.   Iron and manganese are present in many well supplies.

3. Hydrogen sulfide is sometimes present.

4.  The cost of pumping well water is usually greater than that for pumping surface water.

5.   The mineral content of several wells may differ widely even though located close to each other.

6. The supply may be uncertain.

7. They may contain nitrate or detergent contamination. The presence of nitrates or detergents in a groundwater supply can indicate pollution from sewage.

 

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More Topics on Water Quality & Treatment:

General water treatment
Water quality defined
Hydrologic cycle of water
Meteoric water and cycle
Environmental factors of water
Age of ground water
Temperature of ground water
Water quality of surface water
Cistern water quality
Summary of water quality and the environment

Hard water explained
Hard water problems
Softened water energy savings
Hard water analysis
Hard water and soap curd
Ion exchange principles
More on water softening
Home water softener basics
Water deionization
Lime soda ash water treatment
Water softener alternatives
3 Types of basic water
TDS-Total dissolved solids
Reverse osmosis treatment
Alkalinity of water
Reverse osmosis and pH
Carbon dioxide in water
Chloride and sulfate
Fluoride in drinking water
Hydrogen sulfide in water
Nitrate/ nitrogen in water
Oxygen in drinking water
Silica in drinking water
Sodium/methane/ phenol
Disease-causing organisms
Micro-organism in water1
Micro-organism in water2
Viruses in drinking water
Bacteria in drinking water
Water disinfect methods1
Water disinfect methods2
Water disinfect-chlorine
Dechlorinating filters Q&A
Palatability of water
Turbidity of drinking water
Mechanical filtration
Multi-media (depth filters)
Color of drinking water

Self maintenance guideline for private well owners
Water pressure matters
Common water usage of a household
Public water systems users
The guardian-Safe Drinking Water Act
The correct disinfection practice
Facts on home water treatment

Experiment1-water cycle purify our drinking water
Experiment2-pollution
Experiment3-waster filtration
Experiment4-build an aquifer
Experiment5-pollution control by using carbon
Experiment6-chlorination for disinfection
Experiment7-organisms in source water

Lead in your drinking water?
Arsenic in your drinking water
Read the bottled water label
Common bottled water treatment II
State certified lab for water testing
Earth water distribution
A natural setting for fish
Toxic algae treatment

Backcountry water drinking
Cl2 resistant pathogens
Common contaminants in the water system
Microbes & water quality
The origination of modern water filtration
Define Spring water & the safety
Water quality issues in Europe
Seawater drinkable?


How do water treatment plants work
How does Hydrology affect water
Barriers to quality water source management
Enough water for the future?
Water & agriculture..big connection
Climate change & the water
Negotiation of Water Rights
How pollution affect water?
How water prices were set?
How does Bay-scaping affect water
Nutrient management laws for water
Source Water Assessment Program
Water treatment techniques in the 1960's
Water treatment techniques in the 70's & 80's

How & Why Hazardous Events are monitored
America's ten most polluted rivers
Global Warming affects river & lakes
Define "Safe Water"
Potentially unsafe water in U.S. cities
Drink well water? Watershed management
Common microbes & the problems
To filter or purify water
The physical parameters of good water quality
The chemical parameters of good water quality
How does dissolved oxygen affect water quality
Micro meida filtration: An alternative to membrane filtration
The "hidden" dangers of water

Biological oxygen demand affect water quality
Coliform bacteria affect water quality
What do Nitrate & Phosphate do?
Nitrogen level affects a long way
Stone Fly & May Flies show the water quality
Good water quality need adequate phosphorous level
What is a healthy watershed
The role of biological in watershed
Rainwater...future drinking water?
Eco-technology..the future of water treatment
Emerging issues of water & infectious diseases

Dirty water or bombs-Iraq
Terrorist attacks on water supplies
Hygiene & your water
Eutrophication in water
Explained Solar Water Disinfection
Perchlorate removal
The methods of selecting the best home water treatement
The health effects from Pesticides
How is water filtered in natural
Pharmaceuticals & Hormones in the water
Disease resistant DNA in the water
Anti-microbials & the danger to your water
The truth:How safe is American water


Introuction to water chemistry
Water chemistry-Atom & Molecules
Nuclear atom-Protons, Neutrons, & Electrons
Basic atom in Flourine, Magnesium, & Chlorine
The Isotopes of Hydrogen
Electrons in chemical interaction
Ionic reaction in natural
Remove Ionic impurities from water
Chemical term explained-Valence

Water problems- Iron
Introduce the state of Iron
Water problems- Manganese
Removal of Iron & Manganese from water
Ion exchange explained
An effective treatment for medium concentrations of Iron
Sequestration-Polyphosphate treatement explained
Chemical solution feeders explained
Water problems-Corrosion

Causes of corrosion
Corrosion on the common household used metals
Causes of corrosion explained II
The methods for controlling corrosion problem
Soft water to softened water
The needs for water testing
Correctly prepare water sample for testing
How to interpret water analysis I
How to interpret water analysis II
How to interpret water analysis III
How to interpret water analysis IV

How to choose the right plumber to install water softener
Recommended installation procedures-water softener
Installation equipments for the traditional water softener
Water softener installed in rural areas
Water softener installation-solution for pressure drop
Solution for pressure drop II- water softener






 


 

 

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