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Reverse Osmosis Contaminant Rejection

Learning Center Categories: Water And Health Learn About Water Quality Water Can Heal! Contaminants Fact Sheets Top Water News       Did you know? Reverse osmosis is the finest water filtration method known. This process will allow the removal of particles as small as ions from a solution. It is used to purify water and remove salts and other impurities in order to improve the color, taste or properties of the fluid. R.O. uses a membrane that is semi-permeable, allowing the fluid that is being purified to pass through it, while rejecting other ions and contaminants from passing. This technology uses a process known as crossflow to allow the r.o. membrane to continually clean itself. This is the reason of why an r.o. element can last many years before clogging or need replacement. This water purification process requires a driving force to push the fluid through the membrane, and the most common force is household water pressure or pressure from a booster pump. The higher the pressure, the larger the driving force and efficiency.

Water And Health   Learn About Water Quality     Water Can Heal!   Contaminants Fact Sheets   Top Water News DRINKING WATER CONTAMINANTS AND THEIR CONTROL WITH REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER TREATMENT Nominal Rejection Performance for Reverse Osmosis Membranes at 60 psi Net Pressure and 77° F.1 TFC* type membrane Rejection   Sodium Calcium Magnesium Potassium Iron 2 Manganese 2 Aluminum Copper Nickel Zinc Strontium Cadmium Silver Mercury Barium Chromium Lead Chloride Bicarbonate Nitrate3 Fluoride Phosphate Chromate Cyanide Sulfate Boron Arsenic + 3 Arsenic + 5 Selenium Radioactivity ----------- Bacteria Protozoa Ameobic- Cysts Giardia Asbestos Sediment/ Turbidity Organic Contaminants Organic molecules with a molecular weight < 300 Organic molecules with a molecular weight < 3005 90-95% 93-98% 93-98% 90-95% 93 98% 93-98% 93-98% 93-98% 93-98% 93-98% 93-98% 93-98% 93-98% 93-98% 93-98% 93-98% 93-98% 90-95% 90-95% 85-90% 90-95% 93-98% 90-95% 90-95% 93-98% 55-60% 70-80% 93-98% 93-98% 93-98% -------- > 99% > 99% > 99% > 99% > 99% > 99% > 99%   > 99%     0-99% 1. This table of nominal rejection performance is for reverse osmosis membranes used in drinking water systems operating at a net pressure (feed pressure less back pressure and osmotic pressure) of 60 psi and 77° F water temperature. The actual performance of systems incorporating these membranes may be different due to changes in feed pressure, temperature, water chemistry. contaminant level, net pressure on membrane, and individual membrane efficiency. Countertop RO drinking water systems produce better overall rejection performance than undercounter systems due to maximizing of net pressure on membrane. 2. While iron and manganese are effectively removed by the membrane, they also can easily foul its surface with deposits even at low concentrations. Generally, iron and manganese should be removed by other water treatment methods prior to RO treatment. 3. Nitrate removal depends on factors such as pH, temperature, net pressure across membrane. and other contaminants present. *TFC-Thin Film Composite Membrane This information is extracted from the Water Quality Association WQA.

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