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Did
you know?
Reverse osmosis is the finest water filtration method known. This process will
allow the removal of particles as small as ions from a solution. It is used
to purify water and remove salts and other impurities in order to improve the
color, taste or properties of the fluid. R.O. uses a membrane that is semi-permeable,
allowing the fluid that is being purified to pass through it, while rejecting
other ions and contaminants from passing.
This technology uses a process
known as crossflow to allow the r.o. membrane to continually clean itself. This
is the reason of why an r.o. element can last many years before clogging or
need replacement. This
water purification process requires a driving force to push the fluid through
the membrane, and the most common force is household water pressure or pressure
from a booster pump. The higher the pressure, the larger the driving force and
efficiency.
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Nutrient
Management Laws for water.
Though
many states currently do not have nutrient management laws, many states
on the east and west coast are beginning to enact them. Maryland has recently
instated a program that deserves a quick look to understand what a nutrient
management system is and how it affects your water supply.
The
Maryland Nutrient Management law has been passed and will require that
all managed landscapes of 3 acres or greater and State property must follow
University of Maryland Cooperative Extension fertility recommendations.
Maryland residents record all use of fertilizer. These Records must be
kept for at least 3 years and include soil test results, amount of nutrient
applied to the land and to the plants, timing and rate of application,
and the nutrient content of any fertilizer applied.
How
do I start a nutrient management program? Apply slow release fertilizers
at a rate between 1-3 lbs. of actual nitrogen per 1000 sq. ft. per application
and do not exceed 4 pounds of actual nitrogen per 1000 sq. ft. annually.
Quick release fertilizers should only be used when the objectives of fertilization
cannot be met with slow release fertilizer. Use rates between 1 and 3
lbs. of actual nitrogen per 1000 sq. ft. per application and do not exceed
3 lbs. of actual nitrogen per 1000 sq. ft annually.
Be wise in choosing your fertilization area. Define the fertilization
area prior to application. Consider root accessibility, root location,
fertilization objectives, and plant species. Fertilize under the drip
line of the trees and shrubs. For some aggressively rooting plants such
as Norway maple and pin oak, an area 1.5x the drip line area can be fertilized.
Do not include inaccessible surfaces when determining the rate of application.
Calculate overlapping of fertilization areas once.
Calculation the area for fertilizer application:
A
crabapple with a 20-ft branch spread will receive fertilizer.
A
circle area is calculated as Area =3.14 R2.
The
radius is 10 ft. 102 X 3.14 = 314 sq. ft.
If
the tree is to receive 2 lbs. of actual N/1000 sq. ft. then ...
2
lbs. of actual N/1000 sq. ft = x lbs. of N 1000 sq. ft. 314 sq ft x 1000
= 2 X 314 x 1000 = 628 x 1000 = 628 1000 x = .628 actual N/1000 sq/ft
is applied to 314 sq. ft.
Application
rate of fertilizer per tree status: Status Rate/Year Newly planted 0 -
1 lb. N/1000 ft2/year Established plants 2- 4 lb. N/1000 ft2/year Maturing
trees 1 lb. N/1000 ft2/year
Choose
the right fertilizer application methods.
For
surface application, uniformly distribute fertilizer within the defined
area to be treated. Do not make surface applications where surface runoff
is likely to occur. Where turf or ground cover exists, subsurface fertilization
should be the preferred method of fertilization. For sub-surface dry fertilization,
evenly space holes within the defined fertilization area. Holes should
be 2 to 4 inches in diameter, spaced 12 to 36 inches apart and 4 to 8
inches deep. The fertilizer should be evenly distributed among the holes.
The fertilizer shouldn't be closer than 2 inches to the soil surface.
For subsurface liquid fertilizer injection, evenly distribute the injection
sites within the fertilization area. For liquid injection systems, the
pressure should not exceed 200 lbs. per square inch. Fertilizer should
be evenly distributed between holes. Foliar applications, injections,
or fertilizer implants should only be used when soil application of fertilizer
is impractical or ineffective in achieving fertilization objectives.
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