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Did
you know?
Reverse osmosis is the finest water filtration method known. This process will
allow the removal of particles as small as ions from a solution. It is used
to purify water and remove salts and other impurities in order to improve the
color, taste or properties of the fluid. R.O. uses a membrane that is semi-permeable,
allowing the fluid that is being purified to pass through it, while rejecting
other ions and contaminants from passing.
This technology uses a process
known as crossflow to allow the r.o. membrane to continually clean itself. This
is the reason of why an r.o. element can last many years before clogging or
need replacement. This
water purification process requires a driving force to push the fluid through
the membrane, and the most common force is household water pressure or pressure
from a booster pump. The higher the pressure, the larger the driving force and
efficiency.
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SILICA IN DRINKING WATER
Many water supplies contain silica. This is not surprising since
silicon is the second most abundant chemical element in the earth.
Silica. (silicon dioxide)
A compound of silicon and oxygen (Si02). It is a hard, glassy
mineral substance which occurs in a variety of forms such as sand, quartz,
sandstone, and granite. It also is found in the skeletal parts of various
animals and plants.
Silicon.
(Si) One of the nonmetallic elements in abundant supply as part of various
compounds in the crust of the earth.
The solid crust of
the earth contains 80% to 90% silicates or other compounds of silicon.
Water passing through or over the earth dissolves silica from sands, rocks
and minerals as one of the impurities it collects.
Silicates. Compounds which contain
silicon and oxygen in combination with such metals as aluminum, calcium,
magnesium, iron, potassium, sodium and others. Silicates are classed as
salts. Silicates are widely distributed in such minerals as asbestos,
mica, talc, lava, etc.
Colloids.
Extremely small solid particles suspended in a solution such as water.
The weight of the individual particle is so low that a true colloid will
not settle out, even after standing for an indefinite period. Colloidal
particles are thought to have a charge which causes the particles to repel
each other, and prevent their agglomeration into larger particles. A colloid
diffuses very slowly or not at all through a membrane, and has little,
if any, effect upon the freezing point, boiling point, or vapor pressure
of the solution.
The
silica content of water ranges from a few parts per million in surface
supplies to well over 100 ppm in certain well waters.
In its colloidal form
it consists of very fine particles in suspension. These can usually be
removed by coagulation and settling or filtering.
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